Risk prediction of acute kidney injury in paraquat poisoning patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To establish a risk prediction model of acute kidney injury in paraquat (PQ) poisoning patients.Methods:A retrospective observational cohort of adult patients with acute PQ poisoning between September 10, 2010 and January 16, 2020 from the Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University were conducted. Data on demographics, clinical records, and laboratory results were collected from electronic medical record. The patients were divided into the AKI group and the non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred during hospitalization. The patients were randomly divided into the training and validation groups (7:3). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors of AKI and the nomogram was used to establish a prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the differentiation and calibration of the prediction model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical validity of the prediction model.Results:A total of 718 patients were included in this study. AKI occurred in 323 (45%) patients in hospital and 378 (52.6%) patients died. The mortality rate of the AKI group was higher than that of the non-AKI group (72.8% vs. 36.2%, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the time from poisoning to treatment ( OR=1.018, 95% CI:1.006-1.030), white blood cell count ( OR=1.128, 95% CI: 1.084-1.173), aspartate aminotransferase ( OR=1.017, 95% CI:1.006-1.027), cystatin C ( OR=516.753, 95% CI: 99.337-2688.172), and PQ concentration ( OR=1.064, 95% CI:1.044-1.085) in blood on admission were independent risk factors of AKI in patients with PQ poisoning ( P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve was 0.943 (95% CI: 0.923-0.962) in the training cohort, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 93.6%, respectively. The calibration curve showed optimal agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. Decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis indicated that the nomogram conferred high clinical net benefit. Conclusions:The time from poisoning to treatment, white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase, cystatin C, and PQ concentration in blood on admission were independent risk factors of AKI. The predictive model based on the above indicators has high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating AKI after PQ poisoning. Whether this prediction model can be applied to other PQ poisoning patients needs to be further expanded for verification.

Epidemiological Survey of Hemoglobinopathies Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Platform in Hunan Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed.@*RESULTS@#The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α 3.7/αα (50.23%) and β IVS-II-654/β N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.

Predictive value of the simplified signs scoring system for the severity and prognosis of patients with COVID-19: A multicenter observational study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@# Objective    To explore the predictive value of a simplified signs scoring system for the severity and prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods     Clinical data of 1 605 confirmed patients with COVID-19 from January to May 2020 in 45 hospitals of Sichuan and Hubei Provinces were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a mild group (n=1 150, 508 males, average age of 51.32±16.26 years) and a severe group (n=455, 248 males, average age of 57.63±16.16 years). Results    Age, male proportion, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group (P<0.05). Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were lower than those in the mild group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, respiratory rate, SpO2, and GCS were independent risk factors for severe patients with COVID-19. Based on the above indicators, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the simplified signs scoring system for predicting severe patients was 0.822, which was higher than that of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score and modified early warning score (MEWS, 0.629 and 0.631, P<0.001). The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the simplified signs scoring system for predicting death was 0.796, higher than that of qSOFA score and MEWS score (0.710 and 0.706, P<0.001). Conclusion    Age, respiratory rate, SpO2 and GCS are independent risk factors for severe patients with COVID-19. The simplified signs scoring system based on these four indicators may be used to predict patient's risk of severe illness or early death.

A study on certolizumab pegol in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases of women of childbearing age / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in the treatment of Chinese women of childbearing age with inflammatory joint diseases and the effect of intrauterine exposure on infant vaccination and risk of infection.Methods:This study is a retrospective observation study, including female patients of childbearing age who were treated with CZP in the outpatient clinic from November 2019 to October 2020. The patients were followed up for 24 weeks, and the related data was collected. We adopted disease activity score-28 for rheumatoid arthritis with CRP (DAS28-CRP), clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and simplified disease activity index (SDAI) to evaluate disease activity. Bath ankylosing spon-dylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) and ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS-ESR) were used to assess the disease activity of patients with ankylosing spondylitis or spondyloarthritis (AS/SpA). Low disease activity (LDA), the dosage of glucocorticoid (GC) and the qualified rates of ACR20 and ASAS20 were calculated to validate the efficacy of CZP. The data of infants vaccination and infection was recorded to estimate the effect of intrauterine exposure on infants. Correlation analysis were performed using paired t test or Mann Whitney test. All statistical tests were bilateral, with a significance of P<0.05. Results:Twenty women entered the study and fifteen completed, including eight patients with RA, six patients with AS and 1 patient with SpA. The average age was (30±5) years and the median symptom duration was 5.0 (3.0, 6.5) years. When these RA patients were enrolled into the study, DAS28-CRP, CDAI and SDAI were (3.4±1.2), 15.5(9.5, 21.0) and (18±12) respectively; and after the use of CZP, the DAS28-CRP, CDAI and SDAI changed to (2.5±0.9)( t=2.48, P=0.042), 4.5(3.5, 10.8) ( U=12.50, P=0.040) and (9±6) (t=2.76, P=0.028). At the first follow-up, the ACR20 rate was 50%. and at the end of the study, the LDA rate was 75%(6/8), three(37.5%) women reduced the dosage of GC. Among the AS/SpA patients, BASDAI was 19.0(14.5, 26.0) and ASDAS-ESR was (2.4±1.0) at first, while after treatment, BASDAI turned into 9.0(1.0, 10.5) ( U=11.50, P=0.100) and ASDAS-ESR turned into (1.4±0.5) ( t=3.44, P=0.014). The ASAS20 rate at the first follow-up was 71.4%(5/7), and 85.7%(6/7) at the end of the study. Four patients experienced adverse events, resulting in drug withdrawal. Three women were pregnant when they were enrolled into the study, and three others became pregnant during the research. Six infants were vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines according to the plan. No adverse event related to vaccination was reported, but one of the babies had perianal abscess and the other one had cold symptoms, while both improved after treatment. Conclusion:CZP can effectively control disease activity of women with inflammatory joint diseases during pregnancy, and intrauterine exposure is safe to infants during the study period.

Meta-analysis of perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted pyloric sparing gastrectomy for early gastric cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To conduct a Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy(LPPG) and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy(LDG) in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:Searched Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Medical Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database to identify all qualified studies comparing LPPG and LDG in EGC. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to October 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ( Mean± SD). Comparing two groups by mean difference(MD) with 95% confidence interval(CI) for contious outcomes and odds ratio(OR) with 95% CI for dichotomous data.The RevMan software was used to analyze the perioperative outcome. Results:A total of 10 studies were included, with a total of 1613 patients, 624 in the LPPG group and 989 in the LDG group. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time, hospital stay, and overall complication rate of LPPG were similar to LDG.Compared with the LDG group, the LPPG group had fewer lymph node dissections ( MD=-2.51, 95% CI: -4.31~-0.71, P=0.006), longer postoperative gastric tube indwelling time ( MD=1.05, 95% CI: 0.31~1.80, P=0.006), and a higher incidence of delayed gastric emptying ( P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of other perioperative complications. Conclusion:LPPG is a safe and feasible surgical method for the treatment of EGC, and can be used as an alternative to LDG.

Clinical characteristics and related factors of rheumatoid arthritis complicated with tuberculosis infection / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and high risk factors of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated with tuberculosis infection.@*METHODS@#Patients with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in the hospital of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2007 to January 2017 was retrospectively collected, who were enrolled in the study group. A control group was randomly selected from the RA patients hospitalized in the same period without co-infection at a ratio of 1 :2. The general data, clinical data, laboratory test data, treatment plan, etc. of the two groups were collected in detail for single factor statistical analysis. Then multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of RA complicated with tuberculosis infection with statistical significance in univariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#The clinical manifestations of fever (83.3%) were most common, followed by cough (69%) and body mass loss (45.2%). In the infected group, pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 73.3%. In the infected group the chest CT showed two or more cases, accounting for 59%. There were 9 cases (33.3%) occurring in the typical tuberculosis occurrence site. Compared with the control group, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reaction protein (CRP) levels, and the daily average dose of glucocorticoid in 1 year in the infected group were higher than those in the control group. And those differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in gender, age, disease duration, disease activity score, white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb), immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement (C), Anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP), CD4+T cell count, and immunosuppressant use (P > 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP levels(OR=1.016, 95%CI:1.002-1.031) and the daily average dose of glucocorticoid in 1 year(OR=1.229, 95%CI:1.066-1.418)were the independent risk factors of RA complica-ted with tuberculosis infection.@*CONCLUSION@#RA patients with tuberculosis infection are mainly phthisis. The clinical manifestations of RA combined with tuberculosis infection are lack of specificity, and the chest imaging features of pulmonary tuberculosis are diverse, which are easy to be misdiagnosed. CRP levels and the daily average dose level of glucocorticoid in 1 year were risk factors for RA and tuberculosis infection.

Retrospective study of young bladder urothelial carcinoma from a single center within 16 years / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical and pathological features, treatment and prognosis for bladder urothelial carcinoma in relative young patients under 40 years.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study involved a total of 43 consecutive patients of bladder urothelial carcinoma, which were under 40 years old from January 2001 to December 2016.@*RESULTS@#The incidence rate of bladder urothelial carcinoma in the patients under 40 years was 2.2%, and 35 males and 8 females were included. The average age was 33 years (ranging from 23 to 40 years). At initial visit, 62.8% of the patients presented with painless gross hematuria, 9 patients were discovered by routine examination, and 7 patients experienced lower urinary tract symptoms. Solitary tumor occurred in 34 cases whereas multiple carcinomas had been discovered in 9 cases，and all the 9 multiple cases were from 31-40-year-old subgroups. All the patients received proper surgical intervention according to their own clinical stages. Post-operative pathological results showed 29 low-grade urothelial carcinoma and 14 high-grade cases which included 31 Ta cases, with 7 cases of T1, 1 case of T3, and 3 cases of T4 and one case of T1 plus Tis. The total follow-up was from 5 to 165 months, 3 cases were lost. The overall recurrence rate was 12.5% (5 cases from 40). One patient developed distal metastasis, one died of metastasis after 13 months, and the other three received secondary trans-urethral resection of bladder tumors. The average recurrence time was 39 months (ranging from 3 to 105 months). The progression rate was 5% among all the followed-up patients (2 cases from 40). The recurrence rate in multiple lesions group (33%, 3/9) was significantly higher than that (5.9%, 2/34) in solitary lesion group (P=0.000 3).@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence rate of bladder urothelial carcinoma in young patients under 40 years becomes increasingly higher over years. The major initial presentation is painless gross hematuria among these young patients, but lower urinary tract symptoms should also be noticed for young patients to rule out tumor. Postoperative tumor recurrence might be associated with multiple lesions, which is not related to the tumor size or pathological features.

Antibiotics De-Escalation in the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Study on Propensity Score Matching Method / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Antimicrobial de-escalation refers to starting the antimicrobial treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by narrowing the drug spectrum according to culture results. The present study evaluated the effect of de-escalation on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in trauma patients.</p><p><b>Methods</b>This retrospective study was conducted on trauma patients with VAP, who received de-escalation therapy (de-escalation group) or non-de-escalation therapy (non-de-escalation group). Propensity score matching method was used to balance the baseline characteristics between both groups. The 28-day mortality, length of hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit stay, and expense of antibiotics and hospitalization between both groups were compared. Multivariable analysis explored the factors that influenced the 28-day mortality and implementation of de-escalation.</p><p><b>Results</b>Among the 156 patients, 62 patients received de-escalation therapy and 94 patients received non-de-escalation therapy. No significant difference was observed in 28-day mortality between both groups (28.6% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.620). The duration of antibiotics treatment in the de-escalation group was shorter than that in the non-de-escalation group (11 [8-13] vs. 14 [8-19] days, P = 0.045). The expenses of antibiotics and hospitalization in de-escalation group were significantly lower than that in the non-de-escalation group (6430 ± 2730 vs. 7618 ± 2568 RMB Yuan, P = 0.043 and 19,173 ± 16,861 vs. 24,184 ± 12,039 RMB Yuan, P = 0.024, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, high injury severity score, multi-drug resistant (MDR) infection, and inappropriate initial antibiotics were associated with patients' 28-day mortality, while high APACHE II score, MDR infection and inappropriate initial antibiotics were independent factors that prevented the implementation of de-escalation.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>De-escalation strategy in the treatment of trauma patients with VAP could reduce the duration of antibiotics treatments and expense of hospitalization, without increasing the 28-day mortality and MDR infection.</p>

The short-term curative effect of anterolateral small incision total hip arthroplasty / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the surgery way of anterolateral small incision total hip replacement and evaluate the curative effect after surgery.Methods Clinical data of 41 patients(48 hips)with anterolateral small incision total hip replacement were analyzed retrospectively.The incision length,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative volume of drainage,perioperative complications,hospitalization days,X -ray performance were recorded.Results The incision length was 7-8cm,mean (7.5 ±0.5)cm.The operation time was 60-70min,mean (65 ±5)min.The intraoperative blood loss was 165 -280mL,mean (235 ±44)mL and the postoperative volume of drainage was 85 -120mL,mean (95 ±15)mL.No perioperative complications occurred.The average follow-up time was (36 ±6)months.The preoperative hip joint Harris score was (30.3 ±28.2)points,and the last follow-up score was (98.0 ±4.0)points,the difference was statistically significant(t=15.665,P=0.000),and the excellent and good rate was 100%.Conclusion The anterolateral small incision total hip replacement has small trauma,less bleed-ing,less postoperative pain,quick recovery,better joint stability,and it is suitable for clinical promotion.

Lithium chloride promotes neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by modulating autophagy / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the influence of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to explore whether autophagy was involved in this process .METHODS:MSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro.The cells were divided into LiCl group and control group .MSCs were treated withβ-mercaptoethanol as an inducer for triggering the cells to differentiate into neurons .The expression of neuronal markers-neuron specific enolase (NSE) and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), and autophagic marker-microtubule-associ-ated protein 1 light chain 3 ( LC3) were measured by immunofluorescence method and Western blot .An autophagy activator rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were applied to modulate the autophagy in the LiCl treated-cells.The protein expression of NSE and MAP-2 were determined by Western blot .RESULTS: After induction, the ex-pression of NSE and MAP-2 were increased .The percentage of NSE-and MAP-2-positive cells and the expression of NSE and MAP-2 in the LiCl group were greater than those in control group (P<0.05).After induction, the number of LC3-positive dots and the expression of LC3-Ⅱin LiCl group were greater than those in control group (P<0.05).The expres-sion of NSE and MAP-2 increased when the autophagy was modulated by rapamycin in LiCl treated -cells, and on the contra-ry, the expression of NSE and MAP-2 were inhibited as autophagy was modulated by 3-MA.CONCLUSION: Lithium chloride may promote the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by modulating autophagy .

Depression, anxiety, and quality of life in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a rare movement disorder characterized by recurrent dystonic or choreoathetoid attacks triggered by sudden voluntary movements. Under the condition of psychological burden, some patients' attacks may get worsened with longer duration and higher frequency. This study aimed to assess nonmotor symptoms and quality of life of patients with PKD in a large population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a cross-sectional survey in 165 primary PKD patients from August 2008 to October 2016 in Rui Jin Hospital, using Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), World Health Organization Quality of Life-100 (WHOQoL-100), Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. We evaluated the differences of SCL-90-R and WHOQOL-100 scores in patients and Chinese normative data (taken from literature) by using the unpaired Student's t-test. We applied multivariate linear regression to analyze the relationships between motor manifestations, mental health, and quality of life among PKD patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with Chinese normative data taken from literature, patients with PKD exhibited significantly higher (worse) scores across all SCL-90-R subscales (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism; P= 0.000 for all) and significantly lower (worse) scores of five domains in WHOQoL-100 (physical domain, psychological domain, independence domain, social relationship domain, and general quality of life; P= 0.000 for all). Nonremission of dyskinesia episodes (P = 0.011) and higher depression score (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with lower levels of quality of life. The rates of depression and anxiety in patients with PKD were 41.2% (68/165) and 26.7% (44/165), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Depression, anxiety, and low levels of quality of life were prevalent in patients with PKD. Co-occurrence of depression and anxiety was common among these patients. Regular mental health interventions could set depression and anxiety as intervention targets. Considering that the motor episodes could be elicited by voluntary movements and sometimes also by emotional stress, and that symptoms may get worsened with longer duration and higher frequency when patients are stressed out, intervention or treatment of depression and anxiety might improve the motor symptoms and overall quality of life in PKD patients.</p>

Enterogenous infection of Candida albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans (C. albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients. The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection of C. albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=100) were randomly assigned into 5 groups as the following: blank group, cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone+SAP group, cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone group, cyclophosphamide+SAP group, and cyclophosphamide group. The rats were sacrificed at 5 and 10 days, and their jejunum, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, intestinal content, and blood were quickly collected to detect C. albicans. A region of the 25S rRNA gene was chosen and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate C. albicans genotypes. The amplified products were further sequenced and compared to judge their homology. RESULTS: Compared with the Cyclophosphamide group, the combination of immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly increased the colonization of C. albicans in intestine in 5 and 10 days. Pure SAP stress did not increase the opportunistic infection of C. albicans. The PCR products of C. albicans isolates all belonged to the genotype A family, and sequence alignment showed that the amplified fragments were homologous. CONCLUSION: The damage of immune system and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are important risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection. Intestinal tract is an important source for genotype-A C. albicans to translocate and invade into bloodstream.

Effect of Candida albicans on Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Inflammation is supposed to play a key role in the pathophysiological processes of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI), and Candida albicans in human gut commonly elevates inflammatory cytokines in intestinal mucosa. This study aimed to explore the effect of C. albicans on IIRI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups according to the status of C. albicans infection and IIRI operation: group blank and sham; group blank and IIRI; group cefoperazone plus IIRI; group C. albicans plus cefoperazone and IIRI (CCI); and group C. albicans plus cefoperazone and sham. The levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-μ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and diamine oxidase (DAO) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the inflammation reactivity as well as the integrity of small intestine. Histological scores were used to assess the mucosal damage, and the C. albicans blood translocation was detected to judge the permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of inflammatory factors TNF-μ, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum and intestine were higher in rats undergone both C. albicans infection and IIRI operation compared with rats in other groups. The levels of DAO (serum: 44.13 ± 4.30 pg/ml, intestine: 346.21 ± 37.03 pg/g) and Chiu scores (3.41 ± 1.09) which reflected intestinal mucosal disruption were highest in group CCI after the operation. The number of C. albicans translocated into blood was most in group CCI ([33.80 ± 6.60] ×102 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intestinal C. albicans infection worsened the IIRI-induced disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier and facilitated the subsequent C. albicans translocation and dissemination.</p>

The value of the baseline MELD scores, MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores in short-tern prognosis in hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the function of the baseline model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores in short-term prognosis in the initial treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients.Methods 232 HBV-related ACLF patients who received initial treatment in 302 Military Hospital of China from January 2011 to January 2013 were enrolled in this prospective clinical follow-up.The relationship between the baseline MELD scores,MELD-Na scores,iMELD scores and clinical outcomes were analyzed,and the value of these three models for short term prognosis was assessed.Results Finally the 12-week clinical follow-up was completed in 191 patients,with the completion rate of 82.33％.Eighty-five patients died,with the fatality rate of 44.50％.Compared with the survival group,in non-survival group,the baseline of MELD scores (26.65 ± 7.75 vs.21.19 ± 5.42,t=-5.720,P=0.000),MELD-Na scores (29.16 ± 11.35 vs.21.72 ± 6.33,t=-5.729,P=0.000),iMELD scores (47.19 ± 10.96 vs.38.02 ±7.01,t=-7.011,P=0.000),total bilirubin [TBil (μmol/L):374.3 ± 150.1 vs.305.5 ± 147.1,t=-3.182,P=0.002],creatinine [Cr (μmol/L):110.7 ±90.1 vs.71.1 ± 35.1,t=-4.157,P=0.000] and international normalized ratio (INR:2.3 ± 0.9 vs.2.0 ± 0.6,t=-2.754,P=0.006) were significantly increased,but the baseline of serum Na+ (mmol/L:132.8 ± 6.1 vs.136.7 ± 5.1,t=4.861,P=0.000) was significantly lowered.It was shown by Spearman correlation analysis thai the baseline MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores all had positive correlation with the short-term prognosis of patients (r value was 0.398,0.404,and 0.470,respectively,all P=0.000),the baseline of serum Na+ had a negative correlation with the short-term prognosis of patients (r=-0.365,P=0.000).It was shown by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) that the cut-off scores of the baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores were 25.07,25.43 and 43.11 respectively,and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores were 0.731,0.735 and 0.773,respectively.The sensitivity of the three models was 55.3％,57.7％,63.5％,and the specificity was 84.9％,84.0％,84.9％ respectively.The value of the three models had no difference in short-term prognostic prediction.According to the respective cut-off score,the three prediction models were divided into four groups,and all of them had differences in fatality rate on the whole (x2 for MELD scores was 34.740,P=0.000; x2 for MELD-Na scores was 36.861,P=0.000; x2 for iMELD scores was 50.127,P=0.000).The mortality was elevated gradually as the equation scores increased.Conclusion The baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores can predict well the short-term prognosis of the initial treatment in HBV-related ACLF patients,and have relatively good clinical value for guiding therapy.

Determination of 25 kinds of minerals in Mailuoning Injection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with microwave digestion / 中草药

Objective: To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with microwave digestion method for the determination of the amounts of trace elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, K, Li, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Th, Ti, V, As, Cd, and Hg) in Mailuoning Injection. Methods: The conditions of microwave digestion and test were studied respectively. After the microwave digestion, 25 kinds of minerals in the samples were determined by ICP-MS, and the methodology was investigated. Results: The optimal digestion conditions were 3-step slowly heating: 400 W 80℃ to heat up for 10 min and keep 5 min; 600 W 120℃ to heat up for 10 min and keep 5 min; 900 W 200℃ to heat up for 20 min and keep 20 min. The determination results of 25 kinds of mineral elements all have a good linear relationship, r≥0.9996. The RSD values of the precision, stability, and repeatability all met the demands of quantitative analysis. The recovery was 94.7%-106.1% and RSD was 0.34%-2.79%. Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, K, Li, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Th, Ti, and V were detected in Mailuoning Injection, and there was no detection of As, Cd, and Hg. Conclusion: This method is simple, sensitive, and precise, and could satisfy the simultaneous determination of minerals in Mailuoning Injection.

Effects of hydrogen sulfide preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 in each group: in S group rats received sham operation; in IR group rats were given with NS (1.0 ml/kg iv) 24 h before ischemia; in H group rats were treated with NaHS (0.05 mg/kg iv) 24 h before ischemia; and in D group, NaHS-treated rats received 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) 15 min before ischemia. Rats in IR group,H group and D group were subjected to ischemia by occlusion of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion,myocardial infarct size was measured. SAM-s was measured by Western blotting. Plasma SOD activity and MDA were determined at the end of reperfusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infarct size was significantly lesser in H group (25.40 % ± 3.54%) than that in IR group (38.27% ±5.64%,P<0.05). The SAM-s protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in H group than that in IR group. The plasma MDA content was significantly lower and SOD activity was higher in H group than those in IR group,but there was no difference between IR group and D group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hydrogen sulfide preconditioning attenuates myocardial IR injury possibly through down-regulating SAM-s expression,reducing the production of oxygen free radicals and enhancing anti-oxidize effect in rats.</p>

Detection of F1 antibody against Yersinia pestis in flushing fluid of heart blood of Rhombomys opimus with ELISA: a feasibility study / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To analyse the feasibility of detecting F1 antibody to Yersinia pestis in flushing fluid of heart blood of Rhombomys opimus with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method and its application value in surveillance of the disease. Methods Serum, flushing fluid of heart blood and infusion fluid of liver and spleen of Rhombomys opimus, which were caught by capture in the plague focus of Zunger basin in 2007, were taken to carry out detection for F1 antibodies to Yersinia pestis with ELISA method. The data were processed with SPSS 17.0. Results Positive rate and average titer of serum were 12.35%(11/162) and 25.35, of flushing fluid of heart blood were 10.49%(17/162) and 23.75 and of the infusion fluid of liver and spleen 6.79%(17/162) and 2240,respectively. No statistical difference was found in positive detection rate when it was compared between serum and flushing fluid of heart blood(χ2 = 1.333, P ＞ 0.05), but it was obviously different between serum and infusion fluid of liver and spleen(χ2 = 7.111, P ＜ 0.01 ) and between flushing fluid of heart blood and infusion fluid of liver and spleen(x2 = 6.250, P ＜ 0.05). There was a significant difference in average titer between serum, flushing fluid of heart blood and infusion fluid of liver and spleen(t = 2.290, 3.612, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). The plague F1 antibody positive coincidence rate of serum and flushing fluid of heart blood was 85.0%(17/20), of serum and infusion fluid of liver and spleen was 55.0% (11/20), and of flushing fluid of heart blood and infusion fluid of liver and spleen was 64.7%(11/17). Conclusions The ELISA method can detect Fl antibody in flushing fluid of heart blood,and the method is feasible in plague surveillance.

Effect of leptin on bone metabolism in rat model of traumatic brain injury and femoral fracture / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe serum and callus leptin expression within the setting of fracture and traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 64 male SD rats were randomized equally into 4 groups: nonoperated group, TBI group, fracture group, and fracture+TBI group. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after fracture+TBI. Serum leptin was detected using radioimmunoassay, and callus formation was measured radiologically. Callus leptin was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum leptin levels in the fracture group, TBI group and combined fracture+TBI group were all significantly increased compared with control group at the 2 week time-point (P less than 0.05). Serum leptin in the combined fracture +TBI group was significantly higher than that in the fracture and TBI groups at 4 and 8 weeks after injury (P less than 0.05). The percentage of leptin-positive cells in the fracture+TBI callus and callus volume were significantly higher than those in the fracture-only group (P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We demonstrated elevated leptin expression within healing bone especially in the first 8 weeks in a rat model of fracture and TBI. A close association exists between leptin levels and the degree of callus formation in fractures.</p>

Effect of hydrogen sulfide-induced delayed preconditioning on glutathione S-transferase expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide-induced delayed preconditioning on glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 10 in each): Group S (sham operation group), Group IR (ischemia/reperfusion group), Group H (IR+ NaHS 0.05 mg/kg iv, 24 h before ischemia) and Groups D receiving IR+NaHS 24 h before ischemia and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)15 min before ischemia. Animals in groups IR, H and D were subjected to ischemia by 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion, myocardial infarct size (IS) was examined. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was measured by Western blotting. The myocardial ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IS was significantly smaller in Group H than that in Group IR [(25.40 ± 3.54)% compared with (38.27 ± 5.64)%, P<0.05]. The GST expression in myocardium was significantly higher in Group H than that in Group IR. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Group H than in Group IR. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by hydrogen sulfide was prevented by 5-HD pre-treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hydrogen sulfide-induced delayed preconditioning attenuates myocardial IR injury possibly through up-regulating glutathione S-transferase expression in rats.</p>

Comparison of three immunological methods in detection of Yersina pestis F1 antigen / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To compare the effect of three methods in diagnosis of plague by detecting of Yersina pestis F1 antigen. Methods In natural foci of plague, wild animal samples, such as blood, liver, spleen,and lymphoid tissue were collected, and the three methods of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),reverse indirect hemagglutination assay(RIHA) and gold-immunochromatography assay(GICA) were employed to detect F1 antigen of Yersina pestis. Results Total of 414 infused organ samples of natural death and captured wild animals in natural foci of plague were determined. Positive samples detected by GICA and ELISA were the same,the positive rates were 5.31%(22/414), both positive and negative coincidence rates were consistently 100%. Only 18 samples were positive by retrial in 186 samples with more than 2 holes aggregation by preliminary examination of RIHA, with nonspecific agglutination rate of 40.6% (168/414) and positive rate of 4.35% (18/414). The positive coincidence rate was 81.82% (18/22) between RIHA with GICA and ELISA, and negative coincidence rate was statistically significant(t = 4.379, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions ELISA, RIHA and GICA can be used for early diagnosis of plague by detecting F1 antigen. The results of RIHA have quantitative significance, with higher non-specific agglutination rate, and heavy workload of re-examination; GICA and ELISA has the same specificity and sensitivity, but the results of GICA is only qualitative. ELISA excluded the defect of RIHA and GICA, and combines the advantages of both methods.